diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
index 5c52e5e..18083af 100644
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -123,3 +123,13 @@ This prevents resolution failures when the plugin is installed alongside other p
 - **Plans** live in `docs/plans/` — implementation plans and progress tracking.
 - **Solutions** live in `docs/solutions/` — documented decisions and patterns.
 - **Specs** live in `docs/specs/` — target platform format specifications.
+
+### Solution categories (`docs/solutions/`)
+
+This repo builds a plugin *for* developers. Categorize solutions from the perspective of the end user (a developer using the plugin), not a contributor to this repo.
+
+- **`developer-experience/`** — Issues with contributing to *this repo*: local dev setup, shell aliases, test ergonomics, CI friction. If the fix only matters to someone with a checkout of this repo, it belongs here.
+- **`integrations/`** — Issues where plugin output doesn't work correctly on a target platform or OS. Cross-platform bugs, target writer output problems, and converter compatibility issues go here.
+- **`workflow/`**, **`skill-design/`** — Plugin skill and agent design patterns, workflow improvements.
+
+When in doubt: if the bug affects someone running `bun install compound-engineering` or `bun convert`, it's an integration or product issue, not developer-experience.
diff --git a/docs/solutions/integrations/colon-namespaced-names-break-windows-paths-2026-03-26.md b/docs/solutions/integrations/colon-namespaced-names-break-windows-paths-2026-03-26.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33eb724
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/solutions/integrations/colon-namespaced-names-break-windows-paths-2026-03-26.md
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+---
+title: "Colon-namespaced skill names break filesystem paths on Windows"
+date: 2026-03-26
+category: integration-issues
+module: cli-converter
+problem_type: integration_issue
+component: tooling
+symptoms:
+  - "ENOTDIR error when running bun convert on Windows"
+  - "mkdir fails with '.config\\opencode\\skills\\ce:brainstorm'"
+  - "All target writers (opencode, codex, copilot, etc.) produce colon paths"
+root_cause: config_error
+resolution_type: code_fix
+severity: high
+related_issues:
+  - "https://github.com/EveryInc/compound-engineering-plugin/issues/366"
+related_components:
+  - targets
+  - sync
+  - converters
+tags:
+  - windows
+  - cross-platform
+  - path-sanitization
+  - skill-names
+  - colons
+---
+
+# Colon-namespaced skill names break filesystem paths on Windows
+
+## Problem
+
+Skill names containing colons (e.g., `ce:brainstorm`, `ce:plan`) were used directly as directory names in all target writers and sync paths. Colons are illegal in Windows filenames, causing `ENOTDIR` errors during `bun convert` or `bun install`.
+
+## Symptoms
+
+```
+{ [Error: ENOTDIR: not a directory, mkdir '.config\opencode\skills\ce:brainstorm']
+  code: 'ENOTDIR',
+  path: '.config\\opencode\\skills\\ce:brainstorm',
+  syscall: 'mkdir',
+  errno: -20 }
+```
+
+This affected every target (OpenCode, Codex, Copilot, Gemini, Kiro, Windsurf, Droid, OpenClaw, Pi, Qwen) because all used `skill.name` directly in `path.join()` calls.
+
+## What Didn't Work
+
+Using `/` (forward slash) as the replacement character was initially considered — turning `ce:brainstorm` into nested directories `ce/brainstorm/`. This was rejected because:
+
+1. It introduces unnecessary directory nesting for what's fundamentally a character-replacement problem
+2. The `isValidSkillName` and `validatePathSafe` functions reject `/` and `\`, so sanitized names would fail existing validation
+3. The source directories already use hyphens (`skills/ce-brainstorm/`), so the output should match
+
+## Solution
+
+Added `sanitizePathName()` in `src/utils/files.ts` that replaces colons with hyphens:
+
+```typescript
+export function sanitizePathName(name: string): string {
+  return name.replace(/:/g, "-")
+}
+```
+
+Applied across three layers:
+
+### Layer 1: Target writers (10 files)
+
+Every target writer wraps skill/agent names with `sanitizePathName()` when constructing output paths:
+
+```typescript
+// Before
+await copyDir(skill.sourceDir, path.join(skillsRoot, skill.name))
+
+// After
+await copyDir(skill.sourceDir, path.join(skillsRoot, sanitizePathName(skill.name)))
+```
+
+### Layer 2: Sync paths (3 files)
+
+`src/sync/skills.ts`, `src/sync/commands.ts`, and `src/sync/gemini.ts` received the same treatment. Also fixed a pre-existing bug where `syncOpenCodeCommands` used raw `path.join` instead of `resolveCommandPath` for namespaced command names.
+
+### Layer 3: Converter dedupe sets and manifests (3 files)
+
+Sanitizing paths in writers created a secondary bug: converter dedupe logic used unsanitized names, so a pass-through skill `ce:plan` and a generated skill normalizing to `ce-plan` wouldn't detect the collision — both would write to `skills/ce-plan/` on disk.
+
+Fixed in three converters:
+
+- **Copilot**: `usedSkillNames.add(sanitizePathName(skill.name))` instead of raw `skill.name`
+- **Windsurf**: Same pattern for agent skill dedupe set
+- **OpenClaw**: Manifest `skills` array now uses sanitized dir names, matching what the writer creates on disk
+
+## Why This Works
+
+The core issue was a mismatch between the logical name domain (colons as namespace separators) and the filesystem domain (colons illegal on Windows). The fix sanitizes at the boundary — names keep colons in data structures and frontmatter, but paths use hyphens. This matches the source directory convention (`skills/ce-brainstorm/` with frontmatter `name: ce:brainstorm`).
+
+## Prevention
+
+### 1. Collision detection test
+
+A test in `tests/path-sanitization.test.ts` loads the real compound-engineering plugin and verifies no two skill or agent names collide after sanitization:
+
+```typescript
+test("no two skill names collide after sanitization", async () => {
+  const plugin = await loadClaudePlugin(pluginRoot)
+  const sanitized = plugin.skills.map((skill) => sanitizePathName(skill.name))
+  const unique = new Set(sanitized)
+  expect(unique.size).toBe(sanitized.length)
+})
+```
+
+### 2. When adding names to filesystem paths
+
+Always use `sanitizePathName()` when constructing output paths from skill, agent, or component names. Never pass `skill.name` or `agent.name` directly to `path.join()` in target writers or sync files.
+
+### 3. When building dedupe sets in converters
+
+If a converter reserves names for collision detection, the reserved names must be sanitized to match what the writer will produce on disk. Raw names in the set + normalized names from generators = missed collisions.
+
+### 4. Inconsistency with `resolveCommandPath`
+
+Note that `resolveCommandPath` (used for commands) converts colons to nested directories (`ce:plan` -> `ce/plan.md`), while `sanitizePathName` (used for skills/agents) converts to hyphens (`ce:plan` -> `ce-plan`). This is intentional — commands and skills are different surfaces with different resolution patterns. If a new component type is added, decide which pattern fits and document the choice.
diff --git a/src/converters/claude-to-copilot.ts b/src/converters/claude-to-copilot.ts
index 8ea573a..cd377e3 100644
--- a/src/converters/claude-to-copilot.ts
+++ b/src/converters/claude-to-copilot.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { formatFrontmatter } from "../utils/frontmatter"
+import { sanitizePathName } from "../utils/files"
 import type { ClaudeAgent, ClaudeCommand, ClaudeMcpServer, ClaudePlugin } from "../types/claude"
 import type {
   CopilotAgent,
@@ -21,9 +22,9 @@ export function convertClaudeToCopilot(
 
   const agents = plugin.agents.map((agent) => convertAgent(agent, usedAgentNames))
 
-  // Reserve skill names first so generated skills (from commands) don't collide
+  // Reserve sanitized skill names so generated skills (from commands) don't collide on disk
   const skillDirs = plugin.skills.map((skill) => {
-    usedSkillNames.add(skill.name)
+    usedSkillNames.add(sanitizePathName(skill.name))
     return {
       name: skill.name,
       sourceDir: skill.sourceDir,
diff --git a/src/converters/claude-to-openclaw.ts b/src/converters/claude-to-openclaw.ts
index ba2435c..677b40c 100644
--- a/src/converters/claude-to-openclaw.ts
+++ b/src/converters/claude-to-openclaw.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { formatFrontmatter } from "../utils/frontmatter"
+import { sanitizePathName } from "../utils/files"
 import type {
   ClaudeAgent,
   ClaudeCommand,
@@ -33,9 +34,9 @@ export function convertClaudeToOpenClaw(
   }))
 
   const allSkillDirs = [
-    ...agentSkills.map((s) => s.dir),
-    ...commandSkills.map((s) => s.dir),
-    ...plugin.skills.map((s) => s.name),
+    ...agentSkills.map((s) => sanitizePathName(s.dir)),
+    ...commandSkills.map((s) => sanitizePathName(s.dir)),
+    ...plugin.skills.map((s) => sanitizePathName(s.name)),
   ]
 
   const manifest = buildManifest(plugin, allSkillDirs)
diff --git a/src/converters/claude-to-windsurf.ts b/src/converters/claude-to-windsurf.ts
index 4fa3f89..347b010 100644
--- a/src/converters/claude-to-windsurf.ts
+++ b/src/converters/claude-to-windsurf.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { formatFrontmatter } from "../utils/frontmatter"
+import { sanitizePathName } from "../utils/files"
 import { findServersWithPotentialSecrets } from "../utils/secrets"
 import type { ClaudeAgent, ClaudeCommand, ClaudeMcpServer, ClaudePlugin } from "../types/claude"
 import type { WindsurfBundle, WindsurfGeneratedSkill, WindsurfMcpConfig, WindsurfMcpServerEntry, WindsurfWorkflow } from "../types/windsurf"
@@ -20,8 +21,9 @@ export function convertClaudeToWindsurf(
     sourceDir: skill.sourceDir,
   }))
 
-  // Convert agents to skills (seed usedNames with pass-through skill names)
-  const usedSkillNames = new Set<string>(skillDirs.map((s) => s.name))
+  // Convert agents to skills (seed usedNames with sanitized pass-through skill names
+  // so generated agent skills detect collisions that would occur on disk)
+  const usedSkillNames = new Set<string>(skillDirs.map((s) => sanitizePathName(s.name)))
   const agentSkills = plugin.agents.map((agent) =>
     convertAgentToSkill(agent, knownAgentNames, usedSkillNames),
   )
diff --git a/src/sync/commands.ts b/src/sync/commands.ts
index 03ca3fb..8fcfba1 100644
--- a/src/sync/commands.ts
+++ b/src/sync/commands.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import path from "path"
 import type { ClaudeHomeConfig } from "../parsers/claude-home"
 import type { ClaudePlugin } from "../types/claude"
-import { backupFile, writeText } from "../utils/files"
+import { backupFile, resolveCommandPath, sanitizePathName, writeText } from "../utils/files"
 import { convertClaudeToCodex } from "../converters/claude-to-codex"
 import { convertClaudeToCopilot } from "../converters/claude-to-copilot"
 import { convertClaudeToDroid } from "../converters/claude-to-droid"
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ export async function syncOpenCodeCommands(
   const bundle = convertClaudeToOpenCode(plugin, DEFAULT_SYNC_OPTIONS)
 
   for (const commandFile of bundle.commandFiles) {
-    const commandPath = path.join(outputRoot, "commands", `${commandFile.name}.md`)
+    const commandPath = await resolveCommandPath(path.join(outputRoot, "commands"), commandFile.name, ".md")
     const backupPath = await backupFile(commandPath)
     if (backupPath) {
       console.log(`Backed up existing command file to ${backupPath}`)
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ export async function syncCodexCommands(
     await writeText(path.join(outputRoot, "prompts", `${prompt.name}.md`), prompt.content + "\n")
   }
   for (const skill of bundle.generatedSkills) {
-    await writeText(path.join(outputRoot, "skills", skill.name, "SKILL.md"), skill.content + "\n")
+    await writeText(path.join(outputRoot, "skills", sanitizePathName(skill.name), "SKILL.md"), skill.content + "\n")
   }
 }
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ export async function syncCopilotCommands(
   const bundle = convertClaudeToCopilot(plugin, DEFAULT_SYNC_OPTIONS)
 
   for (const skill of bundle.generatedSkills) {
-    await writeText(path.join(outputRoot, "skills", skill.name, "SKILL.md"), skill.content + "\n")
+    await writeText(path.join(outputRoot, "skills", sanitizePathName(skill.name), "SKILL.md"), skill.content + "\n")
   }
 }
 
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ export async function syncKiroCommands(
   const plugin = buildClaudeHomePlugin(config)
   const bundle = convertClaudeToKiro(plugin, DEFAULT_SYNC_OPTIONS)
   for (const skill of bundle.generatedSkills) {
-    await writeText(path.join(outputRoot, "skills", skill.name, "SKILL.md"), skill.content + "\n")
+    await writeText(path.join(outputRoot, "skills", sanitizePathName(skill.name), "SKILL.md"), skill.content + "\n")
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/sync/gemini.ts b/src/sync/gemini.ts
index c1c5546..7255ff8 100644
--- a/src/sync/gemini.ts
+++ b/src/sync/gemini.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import fs from "fs/promises"
 import path from "path"
 import type { ClaudeHomeConfig } from "../parsers/claude-home"
 import type { ClaudeMcpServer } from "../types/claude"
+import { sanitizePathName } from "../utils/files"
 import { syncGeminiCommands } from "./commands"
 import { mergeJsonConfigAtKey } from "./json-config"
 import { syncSkills } from "./skills"
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ async function removeGeminiMirrorConflicts(
   sharedSkillsDir: string,
 ): Promise<void> {
   for (const skill of skills) {
-    const duplicatePath = path.join(skillsDir, skill.name)
+    const duplicatePath = path.join(skillsDir, sanitizePathName(skill.name))
 
     let stat
     try {
diff --git a/src/sync/skills.ts b/src/sync/skills.ts
index 1fde9f0..6689d28 100644
--- a/src/sync/skills.ts
+++ b/src/sync/skills.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import path from "path"
 import type { ClaudeSkill } from "../types/claude"
-import { ensureDir } from "../utils/files"
+import { ensureDir, sanitizePathName } from "../utils/files"
 import { forceSymlink, isValidSkillName } from "../utils/symlink"
 
 export async function syncSkills(
@@ -9,13 +9,21 @@ export async function syncSkills(
 ): Promise<void> {
   await ensureDir(skillsDir)
 
+  const seen = new Set<string>()
   for (const skill of skills) {
     if (!isValidSkillName(skill.name)) {
       console.warn(`Skipping skill with invalid name: ${skill.name}`)
       continue
     }
 
-    const target = path.join(skillsDir, skill.name)
+    const safeName = sanitizePathName(skill.name)
+    if (seen.has(safeName)) {
+      console.warn(`Skipping skill "${skill.name}": sanitized name "${safeName}" collides with another skill`)
+      continue
+    }
+    seen.add(safeName)
+
+    const target = path.join(skillsDir, safeName)
     await forceSymlink(skill.sourceDir, target)
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/targets/codex.ts b/src/targets/codex.ts
index f52902a..25c6780 100644
--- a/src/targets/codex.ts
+++ b/src/targets/codex.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import path from "path"
-import { backupFile, copySkillDir, ensureDir, writeText } from "../utils/files"
+import { backupFile, copySkillDir, ensureDir, sanitizePathName, writeText } from "../utils/files"
 import type { CodexBundle } from "../types/codex"
 import type { ClaudeMcpServer } from "../types/claude"
 import { transformContentForCodex } from "../utils/codex-content"
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ export async function writeCodexBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: CodexBundle):
     for (const skill of bundle.skillDirs) {
       await copySkillDir(
         skill.sourceDir,
-        path.join(skillsRoot, skill.name),
+        path.join(skillsRoot, sanitizePathName(skill.name)),
         (content) => transformContentForCodex(content, bundle.invocationTargets, {
           unknownSlashBehavior: "preserve",
         }),
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ export async function writeCodexBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: CodexBundle):
   if (bundle.generatedSkills.length > 0) {
     const skillsRoot = path.join(codexRoot, "skills")
     for (const skill of bundle.generatedSkills) {
-      await writeText(path.join(skillsRoot, skill.name, "SKILL.md"), skill.content + "\n")
+      await writeText(path.join(skillsRoot, sanitizePathName(skill.name), "SKILL.md"), skill.content + "\n")
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/targets/copilot.ts b/src/targets/copilot.ts
index 6c5195e..ca1a303 100644
--- a/src/targets/copilot.ts
+++ b/src/targets/copilot.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import path from "path"
-import { backupFile, copySkillDir, ensureDir, writeJson, writeText } from "../utils/files"
+import { backupFile, copySkillDir, ensureDir, sanitizePathName, writeJson, writeText } from "../utils/files"
 import { transformContentForCopilot } from "../converters/claude-to-copilot"
 import type { CopilotBundle } from "../types/copilot"
 
@@ -10,21 +10,21 @@ export async function writeCopilotBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: CopilotBund
   if (bundle.agents.length > 0) {
     const agentsDir = path.join(paths.githubDir, "agents")
     for (const agent of bundle.agents) {
-      await writeText(path.join(agentsDir, `${agent.name}.agent.md`), agent.content + "\n")
+      await writeText(path.join(agentsDir, `${sanitizePathName(agent.name)}.agent.md`), agent.content + "\n")
     }
   }
 
   if (bundle.generatedSkills.length > 0) {
     const skillsDir = path.join(paths.githubDir, "skills")
     for (const skill of bundle.generatedSkills) {
-      await writeText(path.join(skillsDir, skill.name, "SKILL.md"), skill.content + "\n")
+      await writeText(path.join(skillsDir, sanitizePathName(skill.name), "SKILL.md"), skill.content + "\n")
     }
   }
 
   if (bundle.skillDirs.length > 0) {
     const skillsDir = path.join(paths.githubDir, "skills")
     for (const skill of bundle.skillDirs) {
-      await copySkillDir(skill.sourceDir, path.join(skillsDir, skill.name), transformContentForCopilot)
+      await copySkillDir(skill.sourceDir, path.join(skillsDir, sanitizePathName(skill.name)), transformContentForCopilot)
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/targets/droid.ts b/src/targets/droid.ts
index 7b3ce49..2370232 100644
--- a/src/targets/droid.ts
+++ b/src/targets/droid.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import path from "path"
-import { copySkillDir, ensureDir, resolveCommandPath, writeText } from "../utils/files"
+import { copySkillDir, ensureDir, resolveCommandPath, sanitizePathName, writeText } from "../utils/files"
 import { transformContentForDroid } from "../converters/claude-to-droid"
 import type { DroidBundle } from "../types/droid"
 
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ export async function writeDroidBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: DroidBundle):
   if (bundle.droids.length > 0) {
     await ensureDir(paths.droidsDir)
     for (const droid of bundle.droids) {
-      await writeText(path.join(paths.droidsDir, `${droid.name}.md`), droid.content + "\n")
+      await writeText(path.join(paths.droidsDir, `${sanitizePathName(droid.name)}.md`), droid.content + "\n")
     }
   }
 
   if (bundle.skillDirs.length > 0) {
     await ensureDir(paths.skillsDir)
     for (const skill of bundle.skillDirs) {
-      await copySkillDir(skill.sourceDir, path.join(paths.skillsDir, skill.name), transformContentForDroid)
+      await copySkillDir(skill.sourceDir, path.join(paths.skillsDir, sanitizePathName(skill.name)), transformContentForDroid)
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/targets/gemini.ts b/src/targets/gemini.ts
index accecb7..4ce4985 100644
--- a/src/targets/gemini.ts
+++ b/src/targets/gemini.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import path from "path"
-import { backupFile, copySkillDir, ensureDir, pathExists, readJson, resolveCommandPath, writeJson, writeText } from "../utils/files"
+import { backupFile, copySkillDir, ensureDir, pathExists, readJson, resolveCommandPath, sanitizePathName, writeJson, writeText } from "../utils/files"
 import { transformContentForGemini } from "../converters/claude-to-gemini"
 import type { GeminiBundle } from "../types/gemini"
 
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ export async function writeGeminiBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: GeminiBundle
 
   if (bundle.generatedSkills.length > 0) {
     for (const skill of bundle.generatedSkills) {
-      await writeText(path.join(paths.skillsDir, skill.name, "SKILL.md"), skill.content + "\n")
+      await writeText(path.join(paths.skillsDir, sanitizePathName(skill.name), "SKILL.md"), skill.content + "\n")
     }
   }
 
   if (bundle.skillDirs.length > 0) {
     for (const skill of bundle.skillDirs) {
-      await copySkillDir(skill.sourceDir, path.join(paths.skillsDir, skill.name), transformContentForGemini)
+      await copySkillDir(skill.sourceDir, path.join(paths.skillsDir, sanitizePathName(skill.name)), transformContentForGemini)
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/targets/kiro.ts b/src/targets/kiro.ts
index 64de9fc..4445def 100644
--- a/src/targets/kiro.ts
+++ b/src/targets/kiro.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import path from "path"
-import { backupFile, copySkillDir, ensureDir, pathExists, readJson, writeJson, writeText } from "../utils/files"
+import { backupFile, copySkillDir, ensureDir, pathExists, readJson, sanitizePathName, writeJson, writeText } from "../utils/files"
 import { transformContentForKiro } from "../converters/claude-to-kiro"
 import type { KiroBundle } from "../types/kiro"
 
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ export async function writeKiroBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: KiroBundle): P
 
       // Write agent JSON config
       await writeJson(
-        path.join(paths.agentsDir, `${agent.name}.json`),
+        path.join(paths.agentsDir, `${sanitizePathName(agent.name)}.json`),
         agent.config,
       )
 
       // Write agent prompt file
       await writeText(
-        path.join(paths.agentsDir, "prompts", `${agent.name}.md`),
+        path.join(paths.agentsDir, "prompts", `${sanitizePathName(agent.name)}.md`),
         agent.promptContent + "\n",
       )
     }
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export async function writeKiroBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: KiroBundle): P
     for (const skill of bundle.generatedSkills) {
       validatePathSafe(skill.name, "skill")
       await writeText(
-        path.join(paths.skillsDir, skill.name, "SKILL.md"),
+        path.join(paths.skillsDir, sanitizePathName(skill.name), "SKILL.md"),
         skill.content + "\n",
       )
     }
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ export async function writeKiroBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: KiroBundle): P
   if (bundle.skillDirs.length > 0) {
     for (const skill of bundle.skillDirs) {
       validatePathSafe(skill.name, "skill directory")
-      const destDir = path.join(paths.skillsDir, skill.name)
+      const destDir = path.join(paths.skillsDir, sanitizePathName(skill.name))
 
       // Validate destination doesn't escape skills directory
       const resolvedDest = path.resolve(destDir)
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ export async function writeKiroBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: KiroBundle): P
     for (const file of bundle.steeringFiles) {
       validatePathSafe(file.name, "steering file")
       await writeText(
-        path.join(paths.steeringDir, `${file.name}.md`),
+        path.join(paths.steeringDir, `${sanitizePathName(file.name)}.md`),
         file.content + "\n",
       )
     }
diff --git a/src/targets/openclaw.ts b/src/targets/openclaw.ts
index d2ec688..df68165 100644
--- a/src/targets/openclaw.ts
+++ b/src/targets/openclaw.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import path from "path"
 import { promises as fs } from "fs"
-import { backupFile, copyDir, ensureDir, pathExists, readJson, walkFiles, writeJson, writeText } from "../utils/files"
+import { backupFile, copyDir, ensureDir, pathExists, readJson, sanitizePathName, walkFiles, writeJson, writeText } from "../utils/files"
 import type { OpenClawBundle } from "../types/openclaw"
 
 export async function writeOpenClawBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: OpenClawBundle): Promise<void> {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ export async function writeOpenClawBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: OpenClawBu
 
   // Write generated skills (agents + commands converted to SKILL.md)
   for (const skill of bundle.skills) {
-    const skillDir = path.join(paths.skillsDir, skill.dir)
+    const skillDir = path.join(paths.skillsDir, sanitizePathName(skill.dir))
     await ensureDir(skillDir)
     await writeText(path.join(skillDir, "SKILL.md"), skill.content + "\n")
   }
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export async function writeOpenClawBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: OpenClawBu
   // Copy original skill directories (preserving references/, assets/, scripts/)
   // and rewrite .claude/ paths to .openclaw/ in markdown files
   for (const skill of bundle.skillDirCopies) {
-    const destDir = path.join(paths.skillsDir, skill.name)
+    const destDir = path.join(paths.skillsDir, sanitizePathName(skill.name))
     await copyDir(skill.sourceDir, destDir)
     await rewritePathsInDir(destDir)
   }
diff --git a/src/targets/opencode.ts b/src/targets/opencode.ts
index cff2931..ec8b8b0 100644
--- a/src/targets/opencode.ts
+++ b/src/targets/opencode.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import path from "path"
-import { backupFile, copyDir, ensureDir, pathExists, readJson, resolveCommandPath, writeJson, writeText } from "../utils/files"
+import { backupFile, copyDir, ensureDir, pathExists, readJson, resolveCommandPath, sanitizePathName, writeJson, writeText } from "../utils/files"
 import type { OpenCodeBundle, OpenCodeConfig } from "../types/opencode"
 
 // Merges plugin config into existing opencode.json. User keys win on conflict. See ADR-002.
@@ -70,8 +70,15 @@ export async function writeOpenCodeBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: OpenCodeBu
   }
 
   const agentsDir = openCodePaths.agentsDir
+  const seenAgents = new Set<string>()
   for (const agent of bundle.agents) {
-    await writeText(path.join(agentsDir, `${agent.name}.md`), agent.content + "\n")
+    const safeName = sanitizePathName(agent.name)
+    if (seenAgents.has(safeName)) {
+      console.warn(`Skipping agent "${agent.name}": sanitized name "${safeName}" collides with another agent`)
+      continue
+    }
+    seenAgents.add(safeName)
+    await writeText(path.join(agentsDir, `${safeName}.md`), agent.content + "\n")
   }
 
   for (const commandFile of bundle.commandFiles) {
@@ -93,7 +100,7 @@ export async function writeOpenCodeBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: OpenCodeBu
   if (bundle.skillDirs.length > 0) {
     const skillsRoot = openCodePaths.skillsDir
     for (const skill of bundle.skillDirs) {
-      await copyDir(skill.sourceDir, path.join(skillsRoot, skill.name))
+      await copyDir(skill.sourceDir, path.join(skillsRoot, sanitizePathName(skill.name)))
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/targets/pi.ts b/src/targets/pi.ts
index 61c5375..3fe0c6c 100644
--- a/src/targets/pi.ts
+++ b/src/targets/pi.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   ensureDir,
   pathExists,
   readText,
+  sanitizePathName,
   writeJson,
   writeText,
 } from "../utils/files"
@@ -34,15 +35,15 @@ export async function writePiBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: PiBundle): Promi
   await ensureDir(paths.extensionsDir)
 
   for (const prompt of bundle.prompts) {
-    await writeText(path.join(paths.promptsDir, `${prompt.name}.md`), prompt.content + "\n")
+    await writeText(path.join(paths.promptsDir, `${sanitizePathName(prompt.name)}.md`), prompt.content + "\n")
   }
 
   for (const skill of bundle.skillDirs) {
-    await copySkillDir(skill.sourceDir, path.join(paths.skillsDir, skill.name), transformContentForPi)
+    await copySkillDir(skill.sourceDir, path.join(paths.skillsDir, sanitizePathName(skill.name)), transformContentForPi)
   }
 
   for (const skill of bundle.generatedSkills) {
-    await writeText(path.join(paths.skillsDir, skill.name, "SKILL.md"), skill.content + "\n")
+    await writeText(path.join(paths.skillsDir, sanitizePathName(skill.name), "SKILL.md"), skill.content + "\n")
   }
 
   for (const extension of bundle.extensions) {
diff --git a/src/targets/qwen.ts b/src/targets/qwen.ts
index 22fe296..7a4e9c1 100644
--- a/src/targets/qwen.ts
+++ b/src/targets/qwen.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import path from "path"
-import { backupFile, copyDir, ensureDir, resolveCommandPath, writeJson, writeText } from "../utils/files"
+import { backupFile, copyDir, ensureDir, resolveCommandPath, sanitizePathName, writeJson, writeText } from "../utils/files"
 import type { QwenBundle, QwenExtensionConfig } from "../types/qwen"
 
 export async function writeQwenBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: QwenBundle): Promise<void> {
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export async function writeQwenBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: QwenBundle): P
   await ensureDir(agentsDir)
   for (const agent of bundle.agents) {
     const ext = agent.format === "yaml" ? "yaml" : "md"
-    await writeText(path.join(agentsDir, `${agent.name}.${ext}`), agent.content + "\n")
+    await writeText(path.join(agentsDir, `${sanitizePathName(agent.name)}.${ext}`), agent.content + "\n")
   }
 
   // Write commands
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ export async function writeQwenBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: QwenBundle): P
     const skillsRoot = qwenPaths.skillsDir
     await ensureDir(skillsRoot)
     for (const skill of bundle.skillDirs) {
-      await copyDir(skill.sourceDir, path.join(skillsRoot, skill.name))
+      await copyDir(skill.sourceDir, path.join(skillsRoot, sanitizePathName(skill.name)))
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/targets/windsurf.ts b/src/targets/windsurf.ts
index 54b0ced..d19271e 100644
--- a/src/targets/windsurf.ts
+++ b/src/targets/windsurf.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import path from "path"
-import { backupFile, copySkillDir, ensureDir, pathExists, readJson, writeJsonSecure, writeText } from "../utils/files"
+import { backupFile, copySkillDir, ensureDir, pathExists, readJson, sanitizePathName, writeJsonSecure, writeText } from "../utils/files"
 import { formatFrontmatter } from "../utils/frontmatter"
 import { transformContentForWindsurf } from "../converters/claude-to-windsurf"
 import type { WindsurfBundle } from "../types/windsurf"
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ export async function writeWindsurfBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: WindsurfBu
     await ensureDir(skillsDir)
     for (const skill of bundle.agentSkills) {
       validatePathSafe(skill.name, "agent skill")
-      const destDir = path.join(skillsDir, skill.name)
+      const destDir = path.join(skillsDir, sanitizePathName(skill.name))
 
       const resolvedDest = path.resolve(destDir)
       if (!resolvedDest.startsWith(path.resolve(skillsDir))) {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ export async function writeWindsurfBundle(outputRoot: string, bundle: WindsurfBu
     await ensureDir(skillsDir)
     for (const skill of bundle.skillDirs) {
       validatePathSafe(skill.name, "skill directory")
-      const destDir = path.join(skillsDir, skill.name)
+      const destDir = path.join(skillsDir, sanitizePathName(skill.name))
 
       const resolvedDest = path.resolve(destDir)
       if (!resolvedDest.startsWith(path.resolve(skillsDir))) {
diff --git a/src/utils/files.ts b/src/utils/files.ts
index 9acf95f..4bed7fe 100644
--- a/src/utils/files.ts
+++ b/src/utils/files.ts
@@ -75,6 +75,16 @@ export async function walkFiles(root: string): Promise<string[]> {
   return results
 }
 
+/**
+ * Sanitize a name for use as a filesystem path component.
+ * Replaces colons with hyphens so colon-namespaced names
+ * (e.g. "ce:brainstorm") become flat directory names ("ce-brainstorm")
+ * instead of failing on Windows where colons are illegal in filenames.
+ */
+export function sanitizePathName(name: string): string {
+  return name.replace(/:/g, "-")
+}
+
 /**
  * Resolve a colon-separated command name into a filesystem path.
  * e.g. resolveCommandPath("/commands", "ce:plan", ".md") -> "/commands/ce/plan.md"
diff --git a/tests/cli.test.ts b/tests/cli.test.ts
index 9299db1..a062e09 100644
--- a/tests/cli.test.ts
+++ b/tests/cli.test.ts
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ describe("CLI", () => {
     expect(stdout).toContain("Installed compound-engineering")
     expect(stdout).toContain(codexRoot)
     expect(await exists(path.join(codexRoot, "prompts", "ce-plan.md"))).toBe(true)
-    expect(await exists(path.join(codexRoot, "skills", "ce:plan", "SKILL.md"))).toBe(true)
+    expect(await exists(path.join(codexRoot, "skills", "ce-plan", "SKILL.md"))).toBe(true)
     expect(await exists(path.join(codexRoot, "AGENTS.md"))).toBe(true)
   })
 
@@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ describe("CLI", () => {
     expect(stdout).toContain("Synced to gemini")
     expect(stdout).not.toContain("cursor")
 
-    expect(await exists(path.join(tempHome, ".config", "opencode", "commands", "workflows:plan.md"))).toBe(true)
+    expect(await exists(path.join(tempHome, ".config", "opencode", "commands", "workflows", "plan.md"))).toBe(true)
     expect(await exists(path.join(tempHome, ".codex", "config.toml"))).toBe(true)
     expect(await exists(path.join(tempHome, ".codex", "prompts", "workflows-plan.md"))).toBe(true)
     expect(await exists(path.join(tempHome, ".codex", "skills", "workflows-plan", "SKILL.md"))).toBe(true)
diff --git a/tests/codex-writer.test.ts b/tests/codex-writer.test.ts
index 4487171..a9000ee 100644
--- a/tests/codex-writer.test.ts
+++ b/tests/codex-writer.test.ts
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ Use /deepen-plan for deeper research.
     await writeCodexBundle(tempRoot, bundle)
 
     const installedSkill = await fs.readFile(
-      path.join(tempRoot, ".codex", "skills", "ce:brainstorm", "SKILL.md"),
+      path.join(tempRoot, ".codex", "skills", "ce-brainstorm", "SKILL.md"),
       "utf8",
     )
     expect(installedSkill).toContain("/prompts:ce-plan")
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ Use /deepen-plan for deeper research.
     expect(installedSkill).toContain("/prompts:deepen-plan")
 
     const notes = await fs.readFile(
-      path.join(tempRoot, ".codex", "skills", "ce:brainstorm", "notes.md"),
+      path.join(tempRoot, ".codex", "skills", "ce-brainstorm", "notes.md"),
       "utf8",
     )
     expect(notes).toContain("/ce:plan")
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ Also run bare agents:
     await writeCodexBundle(tempRoot, bundle)
 
     const installedSkill = await fs.readFile(
-      path.join(tempRoot, ".codex", "skills", "ce:plan", "SKILL.md"),
+      path.join(tempRoot, ".codex", "skills", "ce-plan", "SKILL.md"),
       "utf8",
     )
 
diff --git a/tests/copilot-converter.test.ts b/tests/copilot-converter.test.ts
index 1bc790e..40220f9 100644
--- a/tests/copilot-converter.test.ts
+++ b/tests/copilot-converter.test.ts
@@ -485,4 +485,35 @@ Task best-practices-researcher(topic)`
     expect(result).toContain("the dhh-rails-reviewer agent")
     expect(result).not.toContain("@security-sentinel")
   })
+
+  test("generated skill deduplicates against sanitized pass-through skill names", () => {
+    const plugin: ClaudePlugin = {
+      ...fixturePlugin,
+      agents: [],
+      commands: [
+        {
+          name: "ce:plan",
+          description: "Planning command",
+          model: "inherit",
+          allowedTools: [],
+          body: "Plan the work.",
+          sourcePath: "/tmp/plugin/commands/ce-plan.md",
+        },
+      ],
+      skills: [
+        {
+          name: "ce:plan",
+          description: "Planning skill",
+          sourceDir: "/tmp/plugin/skills/ce-plan",
+          skillPath: "/tmp/plugin/skills/ce-plan/SKILL.md",
+        },
+      ],
+    }
+
+    const bundle = convertClaudeToCopilot(plugin, defaultOptions)
+
+    // The generated skill from the command should get a deduplicated name
+    // since "ce:plan" and "ce-plan" both map to "ce-plan" on disk
+    expect(bundle.generatedSkills[0].name).not.toBe("ce-plan")
+  })
 })
diff --git a/tests/copilot-writer.test.ts b/tests/copilot-writer.test.ts
index 36777e1..d87a45f 100644
--- a/tests/copilot-writer.test.ts
+++ b/tests/copilot-writer.test.ts
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ Run these research agents:
     await writeCopilotBundle(tempRoot, bundle)
 
     const installedSkill = await fs.readFile(
-      path.join(tempRoot, ".github", "skills", "ce:plan", "SKILL.md"),
+      path.join(tempRoot, ".github", "skills", "ce-plan", "SKILL.md"),
       "utf8",
     )
 
diff --git a/tests/droid-writer.test.ts b/tests/droid-writer.test.ts
index 19eb7c0..0412da3 100644
--- a/tests/droid-writer.test.ts
+++ b/tests/droid-writer.test.ts
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Run these research agents:
     await writeDroidBundle(tempRoot, bundle)
 
     const installedSkill = await fs.readFile(
-      path.join(tempRoot, ".factory", "skills", "ce:plan", "SKILL.md"),
+      path.join(tempRoot, ".factory", "skills", "ce-plan", "SKILL.md"),
       "utf8",
     )
 
diff --git a/tests/gemini-writer.test.ts b/tests/gemini-writer.test.ts
index 25f9bfb..15d2045 100644
--- a/tests/gemini-writer.test.ts
+++ b/tests/gemini-writer.test.ts
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ Run these research agents:
     await writeGeminiBundle(tempRoot, bundle)
 
     const installedSkill = await fs.readFile(
-      path.join(tempRoot, ".gemini", "skills", "ce:plan", "SKILL.md"),
+      path.join(tempRoot, ".gemini", "skills", "ce-plan", "SKILL.md"),
       "utf8",
     )
 
diff --git a/tests/kiro-writer.test.ts b/tests/kiro-writer.test.ts
index 500d03b..f59c7b2 100644
--- a/tests/kiro-writer.test.ts
+++ b/tests/kiro-writer.test.ts
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ Run these research agents:
     await writeKiroBundle(tempRoot, bundle)
 
     const installedSkill = await fs.readFile(
-      path.join(tempRoot, ".kiro", "skills", "ce:plan", "SKILL.md"),
+      path.join(tempRoot, ".kiro", "skills", "ce-plan", "SKILL.md"),
       "utf8",
     )
 
diff --git a/tests/openclaw-converter.test.ts b/tests/openclaw-converter.test.ts
index e1648d5..ab2ed5e 100644
--- a/tests/openclaw-converter.test.ts
+++ b/tests/openclaw-converter.test.ts
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ describe("convertClaudeToOpenClaw", () => {
       properties: {},
     })
     expect(bundle.manifest.skills).toContain("skills/agent-security-reviewer")
-    expect(bundle.manifest.skills).toContain("skills/cmd-workflows:plan")
+    expect(bundle.manifest.skills).toContain("skills/cmd-workflows-plan")
     expect(bundle.manifest.skills).toContain("skills/existing-skill")
   })
 
@@ -201,4 +201,27 @@ describe("convertClaudeToOpenClaw", () => {
     const bundle = convertClaudeToOpenClaw(plugin, defaultOptions)
     expect(bundle.openclawConfig).toBeUndefined()
   })
+
+  test("manifest skill paths use sanitized names matching filesystem output", () => {
+    const plugin: ClaudePlugin = {
+      ...fixturePlugin,
+      skills: [
+        {
+          name: "ce:plan",
+          description: "Planning skill",
+          sourceDir: "/tmp/plugin/skills/ce-plan",
+          skillPath: "/tmp/plugin/skills/ce-plan/SKILL.md",
+        },
+      ],
+    }
+
+    const bundle = convertClaudeToOpenClaw(plugin, defaultOptions)
+
+    // Manifest paths must not contain colons
+    for (const skillPath of bundle.manifest.skills) {
+      expect(skillPath).not.toContain(":")
+    }
+    expect(bundle.manifest.skills).toContain("skills/ce-plan")
+    expect(bundle.manifest.skills).toContain("skills/cmd-workflows-plan")
+  })
 })
diff --git a/tests/path-sanitization.test.ts b/tests/path-sanitization.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fb8e57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/path-sanitization.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import path from "path"
+import { loadClaudePlugin } from "../src/parsers/claude"
+import { sanitizePathName } from "../src/utils/files"
+
+const pluginRoot = path.join(process.cwd(), "plugins", "compound-engineering")
+
+describe("sanitizePathName", () => {
+  test("replaces colons with hyphens", () => {
+    expect(sanitizePathName("ce:brainstorm")).toBe("ce-brainstorm")
+    expect(sanitizePathName("ce:plan")).toBe("ce-plan")
+  })
+
+  test("passes through names without colons", () => {
+    expect(sanitizePathName("frontend-design")).toBe("frontend-design")
+  })
+
+  test("handles multiple colons", () => {
+    expect(sanitizePathName("a:b:c")).toBe("a-b-c")
+  })
+})
+
+describe("path sanitization collision detection", () => {
+  test("no two skill names collide after sanitization", async () => {
+    const plugin = await loadClaudePlugin(pluginRoot)
+    const sanitized = plugin.skills.map((skill) => sanitizePathName(skill.name))
+    const unique = new Set(sanitized)
+
+    expect(unique.size).toBe(sanitized.length)
+  })
+
+  test("no two agent names collide after sanitization", async () => {
+    const plugin = await loadClaudePlugin(pluginRoot)
+    const sanitized = plugin.agents.map((agent) => sanitizePathName(agent.name))
+    const unique = new Set(sanitized)
+
+    expect(unique.size).toBe(sanitized.length)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/tests/pi-writer.test.ts b/tests/pi-writer.test.ts
index eec28d9..ad3e81d 100644
--- a/tests/pi-writer.test.ts
+++ b/tests/pi-writer.test.ts
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Run these research agents:
     await writePiBundle(outputRoot, bundle)
 
     const installedSkill = await fs.readFile(
-      path.join(outputRoot, "skills", "ce:plan", "SKILL.md"),
+      path.join(outputRoot, "skills", "ce-plan", "SKILL.md"),
       "utf8",
     )
 
diff --git a/tests/windsurf-converter.test.ts b/tests/windsurf-converter.test.ts
index 5f76a25..901ce59 100644
--- a/tests/windsurf-converter.test.ts
+++ b/tests/windsurf-converter.test.ts
@@ -592,3 +592,42 @@ describe("normalizeName", () => {
     expect(normalizeName("123-agent")).toBe("item")
   })
 })
+
+describe("convertClaudeToWindsurf dedupe", () => {
+  test("agent skill deduplicates against sanitized pass-through skill names", () => {
+    const { convertClaudeToWindsurf } = require("../src/converters/claude-to-windsurf")
+    const plugin: import("../src/types/claude").ClaudePlugin = {
+      root: "/tmp/plugin",
+      manifest: { name: "fixture", version: "1.0.0" },
+      agents: [
+        {
+          name: "ce:plan",
+          description: "Planning agent",
+          body: "Plan things.",
+          sourcePath: "/tmp/plugin/agents/ce-plan.md",
+        },
+      ],
+      commands: [],
+      skills: [
+        {
+          name: "ce:plan",
+          description: "Planning skill",
+          sourceDir: "/tmp/plugin/skills/ce-plan",
+          skillPath: "/tmp/plugin/skills/ce-plan/SKILL.md",
+        },
+      ],
+      hooks: undefined,
+      mcpServers: undefined,
+    }
+
+    const bundle = convertClaudeToWindsurf(plugin, {
+      agentMode: "subagent" as const,
+      inferTemperature: false,
+      permissions: "none" as const,
+    })
+
+    // The agent skill should get a deduplicated name since "ce:plan" normalizes
+    // to "ce-plan" which collides with the pass-through skill on disk
+    expect(bundle.agentSkills[0].name).not.toBe("ce-plan")
+  })
+})
diff --git a/tests/windsurf-writer.test.ts b/tests/windsurf-writer.test.ts
index fdeb9a7..725c8ef 100644
--- a/tests/windsurf-writer.test.ts
+++ b/tests/windsurf-writer.test.ts
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ Run these research agents:
     await writeWindsurfBundle(tempRoot, bundle)
 
     const installedSkill = await fs.readFile(
-      path.join(tempRoot, "skills", "ce:plan", "SKILL.md"),
+      path.join(tempRoot, "skills", "ce-plan", "SKILL.md"),
       "utf8",
     )